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APA Reference List rules and examples

(Download the Basic Rules for Reference Lists (APA style)) pdf file

NOTE: This handout is based on the rules set out in the publication manual (fifth edition) of the American Psychological Association (APA). It is not intended to replace the APA manual. When in doubt consult the APA publication manual and your professor. The library call number is: REF BF76.7 P83 2001


A reference list is placed at the end of your paper but before any appendices. Its primary purpose is to provide the reader with all necessary information to retrieve any source cited in a paper. It also allows the reader a preliminary means to judge the credibility of your sources and the breadth and depth of your research. To this end, every source you cite in the text of a paper must appear in the reference list; similarly, every entry in the reference list must be cited in-text.

Reference List Examples

Use the links below or the navigation on the left to see specific examples of reference list entries. A complete reference list example is also available.

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