• APA Style Guidelines - Home
• APA Citation Rules
  In-Text Citation
• One author
• Two authors
• Three to six authors
• More than 6 authors
• Groups as authors
• Secondary Source
• No author
• No date
• No author, no date, no page number
• Personal Communication

Some documents within our site are in PDF format. You might need Acrobat Reader to view them.
Acrobat Reader

This site uses PowerPoint files, for information on viewing these files click here.

Writing Center

APA Citation rules and examples

In-Text Citation

Personal communication

If the source was, for example a professor, and came from an interview or discussion with the individual you use “personal communication” as the in-text citation. Personal communication is not listed in the “References”.

Example

Study skills it has been argued (Hardcastle, personal communication) can be taught...